MediaWiki Citations and References
- Kirill Klimov
- Jan 29, 2023
- 4 min read
Updated: Feb 3, 2023
How to win readers online
Quality of information is essential for winning readers online, as it helps to establish credibility and trust with the audience. In order to make readers choose your page over others, it is important to provide accurate, reliable, and relevant information on the topic you are discussing.
Using sources to create authoritative content and avoid plagiarism
Citations and references are important because they provide evidence for the information presented in an article, allowing readers to verify the accuracy and reliability of the content. They also give credit to the original sources of information, which is important for academic integrity and ethical practices.
Copying, stealing, or representing the ideas or words (or images or sounds) of another as one's own, without giving credit to the source, even unintentionally, is plagiarism and can turn what you think was a good text into a poor one.
How MediaWiki helps to create trust
Mediawiki, the software used by Wikipedia, contributes to the concepts of trust and transparency providing tools for easily creating links, references and citations that allow readers to verify facts, and to explore the topic further if they desire. These tools help to make the global encyclopedia the largest and most-read reference work in history.
The implementation of tools varies depending on their purpose. In this post we are going to review the most common and modern solutions to help content creators.
The "Cite" extension
The "Cite" extension adds two parser hooks to MediaWiki:
<ref> - allows editors to quickly add inline citations to specific parts of an article
<references /> - creates a dedicated section containing references to all the sources used in the article.
The extension is integrated into the VisualEditor toolbar. By default, it allows manual input of notes or references to sources, taking care about wrapping user input in <ref> tags. We have additional information about VisualEditor and how to use it.
If you prefer the MediaWiki source editor, you can add the Cite button to the editor interface using the RefToolbar gadget.
Re-usable references
The "Cite" provides a way to re-use sources within the same article by creating named references. Such references can be inserted in the text as many times as needed without repeating the reference content, only specifying the name of the reference:
All occurrences of the named references are compacted into a single item in the references section.
Grouped References
The references can be assigned a group to create a few references sections, for example:
Notes
References
Guided input of the standardized reference elements
When your wiki has a lot of contributors, it is important to give editors hints about the reference structure, the order and format of elements, to ensure the consistency, completeness and professional look of references across the wiki. MediaWiki provides a system of templates that can be integrated into the VisualEditor as forms for the guided input of values to the predefined set of parameters.
Being MediaWiki pages, all these tools can be exported from Wikipedia and then imported to any other wiki, providing a bunch of forms to refer books, journal articles, news, web resources and many other specific sources. The forms are delivered into the VisualEditor via simple template parameters annotations provided by the TemplateData extension.
Please, note, that importing pages from Wikipedia requires some experience: pages are linked tightly and trying to export ten pages, one can end up with thousands of pages in a multi megabyte XML, dumped as dependencies to the initial set of pages. There can be a lot of Wikipedia specific pages that can produce errors on your wiki. The fastest and frictionless way to get the full featured reference system based on Wikipedia citation templates is to invite experienced professionals.
For MediaWiki installations that use the source editor, there are external tools for the guided data input and the citation template markup generation, like MakeRef.
Automatic retrieval of MediaWiki citation sources
The functionality of the Cite can be extended to the degree when it is enough to provide a source identifier and MediaWiki will retrieve the full reference from the external sources. To implement the feature, you'll need the citoid node.js service that generates citation data given a URL, DOI, ISBN, etc. As a back-end it uses Zotero: the server uses so-called “translators” to automatically detect journal articles, library records, news items, and other objects and import data. There are currently more than 600 different translators, facilitating data import from countless sites.
If VisualEditor is not enabled, there are external tools that can be used for the automated retrieval of citation sources, for example this Citation Template Filling page.
The "CiteThisPage" extension
This tool allows editors to generate citations for the current MediaWiki page in a variety of citation styles (APA, MLA, Chicago, BibTeX, etc.) by clicking on a link located in the standard MediaWiki Toolbox menu.
Bookmarklets
In the course of creation of this blog post, we discovered a nice technique allowing creation of a citation template entry for any page in the Internet. It uses "bookmarklets" - pieces of Javascript that can be saved as your browser bookmarks. When you click on the bookmark, the script will generate the reference code for the current page and a set of buttons to play with the format of dates, author names, or even to save some predefined values in the browser storage, so they will be re-used for references to the current site.
How to create a citation bookmarklet
Add a new bookmark in your browser and put the following code into the URL field:
javascript:(function(){var
d=document,s=d.createElement('script');s.src='//en.wikipedia.org/w/
index.php?title=User:V111P/js/webRef.js&action=raw&ctype=text/
javascript&smaxage=43200&maxage=86400oldid=1041858920';d.body.append
Child(s);})();WARNING - Use this code with caution. The code can be changed at any time by the Author.
Whenever you want to cite a page, click on the bookmark and get the citation code.
Conclusion
MediaWiki provides a simple syntax and easy to use tools for creating inline citations and lists of references. There are many external citation tools that can generate MediaWiki compatible code. MediaWiki can automatically format citations and references according to a variety of citation styles, re-use and group references, making it easy for editors to create consistent, correctly-formatted citations. This makes MediaWiki an efficient tool for creating and maintaining large collections of references and citations.
Comments